lighting project in the long-term economic indicators of

1.1 universal significance of the "Comprehensive lighting costs" concept

 In order to scientific and rational analysis and comparison of any energy-efficient lighting project long-term economic investment, here we first give a general sense of the "Comprehensive lighting costs" concept.  Defined as follows:
 "Comprehensive lighting initial investment cost = + + source operating cost of replacement power costs + other maintenance costs"
 "Comprehensive lighting costs," according to the five-year, the 10-year, 20-year, 25 period, the energy-efficient lighting projects in the economic analysis and comparison.  In the following example, according to the current lighting conditions prevailing in the whole life, temporarily at the 10-year analysis.  To simplify, omitted "other maintenance costs," one.
 1.2 garden of a tourist area with the use of conventional lamps using solar energy lamps economic analysis and comparison
 Garden of a tourist scenic spots, according to the size of green landscape and garden rich hills, rivers, streams, Qujing, roads, lawns, and other resources distribution planning, the simple need to install night lighting Ting Yuandeng 100, 200 garden lights Only required for multi-core cable about 9000 m.  We first analyzed using ordinary lamps and the use of solar lighting expenses situation (see Table 1 to Table 7 below, which Table 1 to Table 3 for the traditional garden lights Tingyuan Deng and the cost of Table 4 to Table 6 for solar energy Ting Yuandeng garden lights and the cost of Table 7 for the traditional lights and solar lamps economic comparison).

 According to Table 1 to Table 7 of the data analysis, the following four preliminary conclusions:
 (1) in the case of the garden area, the rough look of solar lighting lamps compared with the traditional "Comprehensive lighting costs" seems to be roughly equivalent or slightly savings.
 (2) open or outdoor lighting in the application of solar energy is another important advantage of saving the cable investment.  In the open air or outdoor lighting conditions, the use of solar energy in addition to the benefits of electric power grids, high savings, but also significantly reduce the high power transmission cable investments that will help save non-ferrous metals. Conventional lighting cables in the amount of the larger outdoor lighting or road lighting projects, as appropriate, should be the first use of solar energy lights the feasibility of integration, because it will be substantial savings in cable investment, should be given high attention.
 (3) open or outdoor lighting in the application of solar energy savings is another important advantage of electronic control box investment.  As a result of the integration of solar energy lamp, to achieve a single-control lights, save the traditional power grid power supply system in the necessary transmission and distribution control box, on the whole, may have contributed to the savings investment.
 (4) savings in the garden area "initial investment" in the cable, "running costs of power" and "light replacement cost" is to reduce the input of solar lighting systems "Comprehensive lighting costs," the key factor.  In the above example, solar lamps "Comprehensive lighting costs," said the savings or the traditional lamp "Comprehensive lighting costs" by the balance, benefited mainly from savings in the "initial investment" in the cable inputs, 10 "Run Power consumption costs "and" light replacement cost "input.
 In fact, this is just the example provided by the visual analysis of the conclusions.

 In the above conclusions, the second, third and fourth of the conclusions is clearly beyond doubt.  However, the first of the conclusions, the reality may not be so simple, in a variety of adverse circumstances or when there might be a inverter.

 2 on the garden area tourism use of solar energy examples for analysis

 Solar lamps to achieve the use of renewable energy, the purpose of conservation is the first power grid to save the growing shortage of the one-time resources, such as: coal or fuel consumption and reduce pollution emissions and to purify the human living environment.  This is a social benefit. However, the promotion of solar energy application also requires a strong economy, or the temptation of economic, that is both energy-saving, but also save money, reduce real "Comprehensive lighting costs."  To achieve social and economic benefits double harvest.
 Obviously, people using solar energy lamps can save electricity grid and reduce the social benefits of environmental pollution is not disputed.  However, the application of the comprehensive economic benefits of solar lighting, whether in a variety of applications under the conditions always superior to the traditional lighting of the "Comprehensive lighting costs"?  At the present level of technology, there are still many variables may be.  Below we have specific analysis.

 2.1 garden area lighting "initial investment" in the cable investment savings, "running power costs", "light replacement cost" in the lower garden area depends on the size. The above examples we can see that in the garden area, because of the larger, more lamps, cables longer, saving the "cable input", "power running costs" and "light replacement cost" more, in order to make 10 During the operation, solar lighting with the traditional lighting of the "Comprehensive lighting cost" roughly the same, in other words, the total savings in the cost-effectiveness is not significant, despite the social benefits is in the affirmative.

Accordingly, for the smaller, with fewer lights garden area, the use of solar-powered lamps must be cost-effective than the traditional lamp.  The main reason is the solar lamp itself higher prices, resulting in the first input on the larger, simply do not have to rely on cable and after the conservation of electricity, still not enough to offset the solar lighting the price difference, can not reduce the "Comprehensive lighting costs" .

2.2 solar panels and battery life is lower "Comprehensive lighting costs," the "bottleneck"
 In the above example, we have not yet involved in solar panels and battery life.  In fact this is an unavoidable important issue.

 2.2.1 solar panels
 Today, the impact of solar panels life of the main factors is the solar panels of the package, there are other ways to install the "heat island effect", maintenance, natural disasters (such as heavy hail fell on) and abnormal factors such as damage .  To save space, the paper only solar panels to discuss the package of the impact of its life (as shown in Table 8).

 From Table 8 indicates that a different package of the solar panels, the application of solar energy lamps lighting project "initial investment" a greater impact on the end will be reflected as "comprehensive lighting costs" of high or low.  Moreover, if the use of ordinary solar panels, a shorter life expectancy, "Comprehensive lighting costs" in the formula would also like to add a "solar panels to update the cost" of solar lighting application of the "Comprehensive lighting Cost "inevitable negative.

 2.2.2 energy storage devices

 In the solar lamps, must have the energy storage devices, such as: rechargeable batteries, batteries, and so on.  And the useful life of these energy storage devices, but also a direct impact on solar lighting systems in the "Comprehensive lighting costs." 。 At present, different storage devices, for filling, discharge requirements and filling, discharge control circuit, and the capacity, life expectancy, maintenance, price and so on are very different. In this paper, the characteristics of the energy storage devices for discussion (as shown in Table 9).

 From Table 9 indicates that the different storage devices, the use of solar energy lamps lighting project "initial investment" a greater impact on the end will be reflected as "comprehensive lighting costs" of high or low.  Moreover, if the use of common storage devices, a shorter life expectancy, "Comprehensive lighting costs" in the formula would also like to add an "energy storage device to update costs," the application of the total solar lamps "Comprehensive lighting costs" An inevitable disadvantage.  However, if the use of high-performance storage devices, their prices and the current difficult to accept.  The lower price of energy storage devices, on filling, discharge requirements more stringent, less any charge, a discharge, the charge will affect their life.
 2.3 LED light source of power and the actual life expectancy is lower "Comprehensive lighting costs" an important factor

 In solar applications, in order to reduce the "Comprehensive lighting costs", the LED light has two basic expectations:
 (1) truly achieve the desired value of life, such as: tens of thousands to 100,000 hours, to be "light replacement cost" to a minimum;
 (2) a large enough power, can replace more traditional sources, energy-saving and to minimize "light replacement cost" of the purposes;

 LED light source is a very span of the device.  Currently, as many of the substrate LED light source does not match the characteristics of thermal expansion and greater heat resistance, coupled with the users of LED lamps Thermal design of negligence, excessive use of temperature rise, leading to early failure LED, shorter life expectancy, can not play Durable strengths.

 If the LED substrate thermal properties can not break through, heat can not be resolved, LED luminescence of the area can not increase density, high-power LED can not be with the traditional high-efficiency light competition, such as: the current outstanding low-power energy-saving lamps, light effect Up to 60 lm / W about life up to 6000 h. Then, in this example in the garden area, Tingyuan Deng is the light source is LED, or use energy-saving lamps? »  This issue, for any use of solar lighting projects are the same. In fact, the problem of lighting in the choice of any light source, there will be.

 LED work of the advantages of low-voltage, making it the use of solar energy in the best spouse, it is unimaginable for energy-saving lamps.  If the LED in the luminous density per unit area on a real breakthrough in accelerating the development of high-power LED light source, particularly street lamps LED light source, the LED light source for a long period of time will be irreplaceable. By then, the use of LED lighting project, will be able to achieve the minimum "light replacement costs."

LED to save the "Comprehensive lighting costs" can really play a role.

 3 Conclusion

 Utilization of solar energy technology and the development of the market, easing the Yueyanyuelie a one-time energy crisis, reducing pollution is bound to have a positive impact on society.  This is the world speed up the development of the fundamental reasons for the use of solar energy.
 Solar energy utilization rate of increase, if truly satisfied with the economic benefits will become more significant contribution.

 In the indoor and outdoor lighting projects, reduce the "Comprehensive lighting costs" and improve the utilization of solar energy lighting and the economic benefits of size and durability of the LED light source is directly proportional to life, and if the concentration of solar energy can also use "renewable energy" And the sale of surplus electric power grid interconnection, but also optimize the economic benefits.

 The garden area, roads, squares and other more scattered places, the use of solar outdoor lighting, in order to reduce the "Comprehensive lighting costs," the bigger the better lighting area, as with indoor lighting can be substantial savings compared to cable investment, but also The integration of solar lighting performance and higher quality requirements, durable life and set stricter requirements, involving a series of comprehensive technical improvements.

 As shown in the figure above, efforts by leaps and bounds "critical point" will be a solar lighting achieve social and economic benefits of the breakthrough, but also solar lighting equipment for integrated technical level and scale of production reached a new height made by the inevitable results.